We can take a look at all the options we can enter into the boot. On the picture below, we can see the contents of the MBR, dumped with dd and find Linux commands:. Notice that there are two partitions and that the first one is active: this is the partition where the Bootmgr is located. Notice that the Bootmgr file is present on the picture above?
This is the file that gets loaded into memory and executed, which boots the Windows operating system. Keep in mind that Bootmgr is still a bit program, which must be used to switch from real to protected mode. The whole booting process of newer versions of Windows operating systems can be seen on the picture below, which was taken from [2]:. The boot loader located on that partition then loads the bit Bootmgr, which in turn loads the bit Bootmgr, which then loads the winload.
All of them are then used to load the NT kernel. The Bootmgr must also load the configuration files located in the D:Boot directory. The picture below lists all the files in it:. In Windows, we can use the tool bcdedit. The picture below shows the Windows boot manager and Windows boot loader, which are displayed if we run the bcdedit. When booting the operating system, all of the Windows Boot Loaders are displayed to us and we can choose the one we would like to boot.
If only one boot loader is present as on the picture above , then the screen presenting us with the options to boot from is never shown, because the only option is used.
A lot of interesting stuff also happens when the system is being booted, like the ntoskrnl. To enable the boot log, we need to execute the following command:. At the bottom of the picture, you can see the actual entry where the DLLs are accessed: through the KnownDLLs fieldLooking through the DLLs on the picture above, we can see that most of the libraries are well known and we know what they are used for, like gdi As you may imagine, the kernel needs to do a lot of things before the login screen can be presented to the user.
While the boot loader enables the protected mode, the kernel must set up all the data structures that will be used by the system, like page tables. The kernel must also configure the interrupt table for each processor, along with a lot of other things.
One of the processes started during the booting process is also the wininit. This process in turn starts three other processes:. Notice that services. First, we talked about the old approach still used in older Windows operating systems that use the NTLDR file to boot the system. The method used in newer versions of Windows operation system is the Bootmgr, which can be managed with the bcdedit.
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Now you can find out. Process Explorer shows you information about which handles and DLLs processes have opened or loaded. The reason this all works is that the idle threads use a zero priority, which is lower than ordinary threads have, allowing for them to be pushed out of the queue when the OS has legitimate processes to be run.
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